With less than 5% of its land arable and a population growing by 2 million a year, Egypt is betting big on farming. In FY2025/26 the state has committed EGP 144.8 billion to agriculture and irrigation — EGP 17.5 billion public and EGP 127.4 billion targeted from private investors. The plan centers on desert reclamation, drip irrigation, higher yields, and a $5 billion export push. For the 18% of Egyptians who work the land, the question is simple: will these budgets and mega-projects lower food prices and raise incomes, or will they widen the gap between Nile villages and New Delta farms?
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